Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

What concept describes the contradiction between an individual's ideal self and their real self?

1. Incongruence

2. Self-actualization

3. Empathy

4. Self-concept

The correct answer is: Incongruence

The concept that describes the contradiction between an individual's ideal self and their real self is known as incongruence. This term is rooted in humanistic psychology, particularly in the work of Carl Rogers. Incongruence occurs when there is a significant difference between how individuals perceive themselves (their real self) and how they wish to be (their ideal self). This mismatch can lead to feelings of unease, dissatisfaction, or anxiety because the individual's experiences do not align with their personal values or aspirations. Self-actualization refers to the process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential and capabilities, which can occur when there is less incongruence between the ideal self and real self. Empathy pertains to the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, which does not directly relate to the individual's self-perception. Self-concept is a broader term that encompasses all beliefs and perceptions one holds about oneself, including both the real and ideal selves. Understanding the distinction and significance of incongruence is vital for recognizing how it impacts an individual's mental health and development. When individuals work towards reducing this gap, they can achieve greater self-acceptance and overall well-being.