Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

What does the representative heuristic involve?

1. Using statistical data to make judgments about probability

2. Comparing new information to an existing prototype in memory

3. Deciding based on the most recent information available

4. Evaluating situations based on personal experiences

The correct answer is: Comparing new information to an existing prototype in memory

The representative heuristic involves comparing new information to an existing prototype or mental model in memory. This cognitive shortcut leads individuals to categorize or make judgments about people or events based on how similar they are to a typical example or stereotype that they already have established. For example, if someone meets a person who is very quiet and enjoys reading, they might use the representative heuristic to conclude that this person is an introvert because they match the mental prototype of what they consider an introverted person to be like. This can lead to swift decisions, but it can also result in biases if the prototype does not accurately represent the broader reality. The other options do not align with the core concept of the representative heuristic. Utilizing statistical data relates more to the base rate fallacy or probability judgments; considering the most recent information refers to the recency effect, and evaluating based on personal experiences indicates a reliance on anecdotal evidence rather than prototypes.