Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

What is a primary characteristic of major depressive disorder?

1. Increased energy levels

2. Fatigue and loss of interest

3. Enhanced creativity

4. Impulsivity and distractibility

The correct answer is: Fatigue and loss of interest

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is fundamentally characterized by a pervasive low mood, alongside several other symptoms that can significantly impair daily functioning. One of the hallmark features of MDD is fatigue and a profound loss of interest or pleasure in activities that a person once found enjoyable. This symptom, often referred to as anhedonia, marks a critical aspect of the disorder, contributing to the overall experience of sadness and disinterest in life. The presence of fatigue in MDD can manifest as a significant decrease in energy levels, making it challenging for individuals to engage in routine activities. This fatigue is not merely physical; it also includes emotional and cognitive aspects, leading to difficulties in concentration and decision-making, further exacerbating one's feelings of despair. In contrast, the other options highlight characteristics that do not align with MDD. Increased energy levels and enhanced creativity are typically not associated with depressive episodes; rather, they may be observed in manic or hypomanic states in bipolar disorder. Impulsivity and distractibility can occur in various psychological conditions, but they are not defining features of major depressive disorder, which focuses more on persistent sadness and lack of motivation.