Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

What is the primary goal of behavioral therapy?

1. To change thoughts through medication

2. To shape behavior using conditioning techniques

3. To explore unconscious motives

4. To enhance self-esteem

The correct answer is: To shape behavior using conditioning techniques

Behavioral therapy primarily aims to modify observable behaviors through the use of conditioning techniques. This therapeutic approach is grounded in the principles of behaviorism, which posits that all behaviors are learned and that maladaptive behaviors can be unlearnt or replaced with healthier alternatives. By employing methods such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and reinforcement strategies, behavioral therapy focuses on encouraging positive behaviors and discouraging negative ones. This approach is particularly effective in treating various conditions, such as anxiety disorders, phobias, addiction, and behavioral problems in children. By systematically reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing harmful ones, behavioral therapy aims to create lasting change that enhances the individual's overall functioning. In contrast, altering thoughts through medication would primarily align with pharmacological treatment or cognitive-based approaches, while exploring unconscious motives pertains to psychodynamic therapies. Enhancing self-esteem, while beneficial, is often more aligned with therapeutic goals in approaches like humanistic therapy rather than the specific techniques employed in behavioral therapy. Therefore, the emphasis on shaping behavior through conditioning techniques distinctly defines the primary goal of behavioral therapy.