Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

Which hypothesis suggests that depression is linked to decreased levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine?

1. Theories of emotion

2. Behavioral activation theory

3. The monoamine hypothesis

4. The cognitive theory

The correct answer is: The monoamine hypothesis

The monoamine hypothesis posits that depression is related to a deficiency in the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This theory suggests that lower levels of these chemicals can lead to the mood disturbances and other symptoms associated with depression. By focusing on these specific neurotransmitters, the monoamine hypothesis provides a biochemical framework for understanding how alterations in brain chemistry can influence emotional states and contribute to depressive disorders. In contrast, the other theories mentioned do not emphasize neurotransmitter levels in the same way. Theories of emotion focus more on the nature and expression of emotions rather than their biochemical underpinnings. Behavioral activation theory centers on increasing engagement with positive activities to counteract the effects of depression, rather than on neurotransmitter levels. Cognitive theory examines the role of negative thought patterns and beliefs in depression, without primarily addressing the biochemical aspect. Thus, the monoamine hypothesis distinctly highlights the link between neurotransmitter levels and depression, making it the correct choice.