Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the nature of short-term memory (STM)?

1. STM and long-term memory (LTM) are interconnected

2. STM is a type of implicit memory

3. STM and LTM function as separate memory systems

4. STM is predominantly used in procedural tasks

The correct answer is: STM and LTM function as separate memory systems

The accurate statement regarding short-term memory (STM) is that it functions as a distinct memory system separate from long-term memory (LTM). This delineation between STM and LTM is supported by research indicating that these two types of memory operate differently in terms of duration, capacity, and function. Short-term memory is characterized by its limited capacity, typically able to hold information for only a brief period—around 20 to 30 seconds—unless actively rehearsed. In contrast, long-term memory allows for the storage of information over extended periods and has a much larger capacity. Studies have shown that different neurological processes are involved in the encoding and retrieval of information within these two systems, demonstrating their separation. This distinction implies that while STM may influence the creation of long-term memories through processes like rehearsal, they remain distinct entities. Other options fail to capture this essential difference; for example, STM is not classified as a type of implicit memory, as implicit memory involves skills and conditioned responses that are often outside conscious awareness. Additionally, STM is not primarily utilized for procedural tasks, which are more closely associated with implicit memory systems such as non-declarative memory. Thus, recognizing STM as a separate memory system helps clarify its unique role in the broader context of