Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

Which psychological theories focus on childhood experiences and unconscious motivations?

1. Cognitive theory

2. Behavioral theory

3. Psychoanalytic perspective

4. Humanistic theory

The correct answer is: Psychoanalytic perspective

The choice emphasizing the psychoanalytic perspective is correct because this theory, founded by Sigmund Freud, posits that childhood experiences and unconscious motivations significantly shape an individual's personality and behavior. Freud asserted that early interactions, especially those with primary caregivers, play a crucial role in the development of one's psyche and can lead to various psychological outcomes later in life. The theory also introduces concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, which represent different aspects of the mind and their interplay, further highlighting the importance of unconscious processes in human behavior. In contrast, cognitive theory primarily focuses on mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving rather than past experiences. Behavioral theory is centered on observable behaviors and their relationship with environmental stimuli, often neglecting internal processes like thoughts and motivations. Humanistic theory emphasizes individual potential and self-actualization, placing less emphasis on past experiences and unconscious influences. Thus, psychoanalytic theory distinctly aligns with the focus on childhood experiences and unconscious motivations, making it the most fitting choice among the options.