Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

Which term describes the struggle to rethink a problem because of fixation?

1. Functional fixedness

2. Mental set

3. Framing

4. Algorithm

The correct answer is: Mental set

The term that describes the struggle to rethink a problem due to fixation is called a mental set. A mental set refers to a tendency to approach problems in a certain way based on past experiences or established patterns of thinking. When individuals become fixated in this way, they may find it challenging to see potential solutions that deviate from their usual thought processes. This can hinder problem-solving because it limits the ability to explore alternative methods or perspectives. For instance, if someone has always solved a particular type of math problem using a specific formula, they may struggle to realize that alternative strategies could also yield a solution. This rigidity can prevent innovative thinking and hinder the effective resolution of issues. Functional fixedness relates specifically to the inability to see an object as having a function other than its typical one, affecting problem-solving but not necessarily in a broader cognitive context as mental set. Framing refers to the way information is presented, which can influence decision-making, while algorithms represent step-by-step procedures or formulas that guarantee a solution if followed correctly, which are not influenced by cognitive fixation.